Law enforcement agencies from Europe and the U.S. arrested five individuals in Spain (Madrid and the Canary Islands) on June 25 for orchestrating a $542 million cryptocurrency investment scam involving over 5,000 victims worldwide.
Led by Spain’s Civil Guard and supported by Europol, the operation included assistance from law enforcement agencies from other countries. A crypto specialist aided in seizing accounts and tracing funds in real time.
The fraudsters used shell companies, offshore accounts and payment gateways to launder stolen funds, funneling profits through cash withdrawals, bank transfers and crypto transactions. Much of the infrastructure was traced to Hong Kong.
The bust highlights escalating AI-powered fraud, with Europol warning that crypto scams now surpass traditional organized crime in scale. Recent cases (e.g., U.S. DOJ seizing $225M in “pig butchering” schemes) reflect this trend.
While a milestone, Europol stresses that transnational cooperation is critical to combat crypto fraud, which risks outpacing law enforcement capabilities due to its systemic, borderless nature.
The European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) confirmed the operation in a statement Monday, June 30. Two arrests were made Wednesday, June 25, in the Spanish capital Madrid, while three were taken into custody at the Canary Islands on the same day.
The June 25 operation was led by the Spanish Civil Guard and supported by Europol, which began assisting Spanish law enforcement in 2023. The agency deployed a crypto specialist during the operation to assist in seizing accounts and tracing funds in real time. Other law enforcement agencies assisted in the operation – including U.S. Homeland Security Investigations, Estonia’s Police and Border Guard Board and the National Gendarmerie of France’s overseas territory New Caledonia.
The five individuals arrested that day were members of a sprawling criminal network accused of orchestrating a $542 million cryptocurrency investment fraud. The criminals relied on a labyrinth of shell companies, payment gateways and offshore accounts to launder stolen funds from more than 5,000 victims around the world.
The scheme’s operators reportedly used associates across multiple continents to funnel illicit profits through cash withdrawals, bank transfers and cryptocurrency transactions, with much of the infrastructure traced to Hong Kong. Investigators suspect the network exploited fake identities and crypto exchanges to obscure its activities – a tactic mirrored in recent U.S. cases, including a $37 million scam linked to Cambodia.
Europol: Crypto fraud now bigger than traditional crime
The arrests Wednesday mark one of the largest crypto-related busts in European history and underscore the escalating threat of financial crimes driven by artificial intelligence (AI). They also arrive amid a global surge in crypto fraud, with Europol’s 2025 crime threat assessment warning that online scams now eclipse traditional organized crime in scale and sophistication.
AI-powered social engineering, coupled with lax regulations in jurisdictions like Hong Kong, has enabled fraudsters to target victims with unprecedented precision. Earlier in June, the U.S. Department of Justice seized $225 million tied to “pig butchering” schemes. These fraudulent operations involve scammers grooming victims into gradually increasing investments before vanishing with their funds. (Related: Crypto crime wave: U.S. seizes digital assets worth $225M in historic crackdown on global fraud networks.)
Historically, such frauds echo the Wild West era of early crypto markets where weak oversight allowed Ponzi schemes like BitConnect to fleece billions. Yet today’s scams are far more systemic, leveraging transnational networks and anonymizing tools.
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